Rectum Cancer Treatment in India

Understanding Rectum Cancer

Rectum cancer, also known as rectal cancer, occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the tissues of the rectum, which is the final section of the large intestine. The rectum connects the colon to the anus and plays a crucial role in storing and expelling stool. When cancer develops in this area, it can affect bowel function and, if left untreated, may spread to other parts of the body. Rectum cancer is often grouped with colon cancer as colorectal cancer due to its proximity and similar causes.

How does Rectum Cancer begin?

Rectum cancer often starts as a growth or polyp in the inner lining of the rectum. These polyps may initially be benign, but over time, some can mutate and become cancerous. The cancer cells can then invade deeper layers of the rectum wall and spread to nearby tissues, including lymph nodes. In more advanced stages, rectum cancer may metastasize to distant organs such as the liver or lungs.

The development of rectum cancer is a gradual process that can take years. Most cases are detected during routine colonoscopies, where polyps can be identified and removed before they become cancerous. As the disease progresses, the signs become more apparent, with symptoms like rectal bleeding, persistent bowel changes, or a feeling of incomplete bowel movements. By understanding how rectum cancer begins and progresses, patients can better appreciate the importance of early screening and preventive measures.

Causes of Rectum Cancer

• Genetic Factors: A family history of colorectal cancer or inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) significantly increases the risk of developing rectum cancer.
• Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats, and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can contribute to the development of rectum cancer.
• Age: Most rectum cancer cases occur in people over 50 years old, although younger adults can also be affected.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can increase the risk of rectal cancer due to prolonged inflammation in the digestive tract.
• Smoking: Long-term smoking has been linked to an increased risk of many cancers, including rectal cancer.
• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake is another risk factor that contributes to the development of rectal cancer.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of rectal and other forms of colorectal cancer due to the associated inflammatory processes in the body.
• Sedentary Lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can increase the likelihood of developing rectum cancer, as regular exercise helps to regulate body weight and improve digestion.

Symptoms of Rectum Cancer

The symptoms of rectum cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular screening is crucial. However, as the cancer progresses, common symptoms include:

• Rectal Bleeding: Blood in the stool or on toilet paper after bowel movements is one of the earliest and most common symptoms.
• Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent changes such as diarrhea, constipation, or a narrowing of the stool that lasts more than a few days may indicate a problem.
• Abdominal Pain: Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen can occur as the tumor grows and obstructs the digestive tract.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: A sudden, unexplained loss of weight may be a sign of rectum cancer or other serious health issues.
• Fatigue: Ongoing fatigue or weakness could result from anemia, which may be caused by blood loss due to rectal bleeding.
• A Feeling of Incomplete Evacuation: Some patients feel as though they still need to pass stool after having a bowel movement, even when the bowel is empty.

If any of these symptoms persist, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to undergo testing and diagnosis.

Treatments for Rectum Cancer

The treatment of rectum cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, its location, and the overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgery is the primary treatment for rectum cancer. The type of surgery performed depends on the size and location of the tumor. In early stages, a local excision may be enough, while advanced stages may require a more extensive resection.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is often used before surgery to shrink the tumor or eliminate remaining cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used before surgery (neoadjuvant) to reduce tumor size or after surgery (adjuvant) to target residual cancer cells.
• Targeted Therapy: This treatment uses drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and spread, allowing for more precise treatment with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy: For some advanced cases of rectum cancer, immunotherapy may be used to stimulate the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

Why Choose Dr. Vijay Anand Reddy for Rectum Cancer Treatment in India?

Dr. Vijay Anand Reddy is one of the leading oncologists in India, with extensive expertise in treating rectum cancer. He brings over 25 years of experience to his practice, offering personalized care and the latest advancements in oncology to each of his patients. Dr. Reddy’s approach to rectum cancer treatment combines surgical precision with state-of-the-art radiation and chemotherapy protocols to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Dr. Reddy is highly regarded for his patient-centered approach, where he works closely with each individual to develop a customized treatment plan based on the specific stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health. His team provides comprehensive care throughout the treatment process, ensuring that each patient receives the support and guidance they need.